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Much ado and confussion arises from the use of theological terms, what with the spiritual smorgasboard of "ism"s available to us. For a little clarification, the following is a short summary of some of those spiritual terms:
Monotheism: One of the heavyweights, this is the belief in a single all-encompassing deity.
Theism: Monotheism of the "personal deity" variety. You pray (or invoke help in spellcasting). He / She / It listens and may well help.
Deism: Monotheism of the non-interventionalist, unrevealing deity. You pray (or invoke help in spellcasting). She / He / It does bubkis. You sulk.
Monism: Monotheism makes the distinction between deity and the rest of creation. Monoism does not. It states that there is only a single, universal energy (be it material, mind or spirit) which comprises everything.
Pantheism: The belief that deity is nature and vice versa. Thus, the divine is present in all things, rather than being a transcent presence. Pantheism can be further broken down into 2 subspecies - the Classical, in which the deity is sentient; and the Naturalistic, in which it is not.
Penentheism: Rather like Pantheism, but the deity both permeates the universe and, as it's external creator, retains transcentence. A bit cake and eat it, really.
Polytheism: A common wiccan approach, this is the belief in numerous gods and goddesses. It may or may not preclude belief in any of the above variants, since the numerous deities may be emanations or underlings of a superior being. Polytheism may be inclusive (that is, all deities are awarded equal credence), preferential (one pantheon may be given more respect than others), or exclusive certain pantheons may be excepted from belief - it's not uncommon, for example, to hear polytheistic pagans state, perhaps with questionable logic, that they believe in Satan since he belongs to the Christian, rather than pagan, pantheon.)
Ditheism: A form of dualism, which is belief in 2 major opposing or complimentary deities or principles. These may be divided down a male / female, yang / yin, god / goddess axis or in terms of dichotomies such as good / evil or order / chaos. There may be a higher governing body, such as we see in Zoroastrianism and certain forms of Chrisianity.
Henotheism: Akin to Polytheism but devotion is kept for a single deity. This is not an uncommon wiccan practice, although frequently both Goddess and God are given special attention. Heno-ditheism, anyone?
Monolatrism: A form of henotheism in which the existance of deities other than the favourite is excepted, as long as they are deities which, as Terry Pratchett might say, "only happen to someone else". The Monolatrist will not be affected by any god or goddess other than their own (or so she or he hopes).
Kathenotheism: A sort of serial monolatrism - and thus not uncommon among wiccans engaged in practical magik.A Kathenotheist will worship an appropriate deity or an appropriate time for an appropriate purpose, and then move on to the next when the purpose suits. A tad tarty, perhaps, but very practical.
Animism: The emphatic belief that every descrete thing has it's own soul, which may or may not be considered part of a uniting whole.
Materialism: The belief that nothing has it's own soul and that any spiritual dimension to the cosmos is a delusional by-product of material process. This is a rather slippery philosophysince a lot depends upon the equally soapy definition of matter. A more technical but related approach is Neurotheology, the study of the relationship of biological states and spiritual and / or "supernatural" experience.
Atheism: The emphatic disbelief in all spiritual and / or religios truths...hence: Fundamentalism for Materialists.
Agnosticism: Either a non-committal or sceptical attitude towards all spiritual and / or religious. Agnostics dont take the hard line of the Atheists, but feel nothing in our knowledge to date confirms the existence of deity / deities and that such knowledge may never be aquired. Probably.
Gnosticism: Strickly speaking, the belief that the hidden spiritual or magikal aspects of life are knowable, whether or not such knowledge has yet been attained. (Most historical Gnostics, however, claimed to have thoroughly sussed out all the relevant data, usually coming to a plethora of bleak and life-denying conclusions.)
Shamanism & Spiritism: The belief in the desirability of interaction between humans and inhabitants of other planes of existence.
Paganism: A surprisingly useless term in theology, despite that we all seem to know what we mean when we use it...
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